When war came, the state's eastern counties vigorously resisted Confederate authority. This predominantly yeoman farm region had always opposed the political and economic supremacy of west and middle Tennessee slaveholders and voted over-whelmingly against secession. In the main body of the Confederacy, Unionists achieved greatest concentration in the highland counties of east Tennessee. However, only in Virginia did Unionists precipitate a successful political movement when the counties west of the Appalachians seceded to formthe new state of West Virginia. SOUTHERN UNIONISTS during the Civil War were most numerous in the border and upper South states, although across the whole Confederacy many people remained loyal to the federal Union.
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